1. MUCUS
1.1. Viscoelastic gel (H20 + High MW crosslink Glycoprotein) form tangled network
1.2. Function: Antimicrobial/inflame substance expel via coughing, swallowing, expelling
1.3. COLOR : Discoloured = Presence of bacterial infection (Sick, not for healthy ppl to diff viral or bacterial)
1.3.1. GREEN/YELLOW =Presence of Myeloperoxidase (Neutrophil enzyme against viral or bacterial like COPD)
2. Protective reflex
2.1. PROCESS: Vagus nerve> PSNS> Bronchi &Trachea> Bronchoconstriction & mucus secretion> Submucosa gland
2.2. COUGH/ SNEEZING
2.2.1. Emergency(choked by H20) or Airway Defensive reflex
2.2.1.1. Remove Foreign material & secretion
2.2.2. Due to: Inflammation, Drug(ACE), INFECTION
2.2.3. 2 types:
2.2.3.1. ACUTE
2.2.3.1.1. GOOD
2.2.3.2. CHRONIC
2.2.3.2.1. Productive/ Wet/ Effective
2.2.3.2.2. Unproductive / Dry/ Ineffective
2.2.3.2.3. Due to: Asthma, Allergy, COPD, smoking, GORD, Drug, Stress, Throat disorder
2.2.4. Cough reflex
2.2.4.1. Mechano/Chemo receptor> Larynx afferent neuron> NTS medulla> Efferent > Larynx, resp muscle, pelvic sphincter(stop incontinence)
2.3. INNATE/ MUCOSA DEFENCE
2.3.1. Nasal Mucosa Reflex
2.3.1.1. Resistance (Arteries) & Capacitance(Vein) Blood vessel, SN Sinusoid Vein> NA> bind to alpha2 pre & postjunction alpha 1/2
2.3.1.1.1. Nasal congestion & Q
2.3.1.1.2. Sinus emptying in vein
2.3.2. Nasal passage + Mucus membrane
2.3.2.1. Absorption stop liver metabolism
2.3.2.2. Vascularised, swell, BV inflam