1. Study of human development help us understand our origins
2. Signs and symbols were left for us inside of caves and communities for us to understand “Culture”
3. Paleolithic culture (Old Stone) ca. 7 million to 10,000 B.C.E nimals
3.1. Between 10,000 and 40,000 years ago, Paleolithic wall-paintings provided a visual recording of such a long-extinct animals as the hairy mammoth and the woolly rhinoceros. Chapter 1
3.2. The tribal hunters and gatherers. Crude stones and bone tools and weapons. Stone circles and shrines. In a period of climatic changing Paleolithic cultures had to migrate during the Ice Age that occurred between three million and 10,000 years ago. By the end of this era hunter gatherers used fire to provided safety, warm. Paleolithic wall pairings provided a visual recording of such a long extinction of animals
4. Mesolithic (Transitional stone ) ca. 10,000 to 8000 B.C.E
4.1. Domestication of plants and animals
4.2. Stones circles and shires
5. Neolithic (new stone) ca. 8000 to 2000 B.C.E farming food production.
5.1. Neolithic folk marked graves with megaliths (great stones) upright stone slabs.
5.1.1. Some similar Megalithic complexes are found at ceremonial and burial sites in various parts of Western Europe.
5.2. Polish stones and bone tools and weapons. Architecture. Pottery and weaving.food production freed people from a normative way. Farming became more focus on high-protein. (Wheat and barley) located in Asia. Rice was more in China and maize and beans in China and maize and beans in America’. Chapter 1
6. The birth of civilization
6.1. The transition of Neolithic village to the more complex form of society. Population has grown. Productivity to bustling cities of a new era
6.1.1. Counting to writing as early as 7500 B.C.E merchants used tokens. Prices of clay molded into shapes.
6.1.1.1. By 3100 B.C.E pictorial symbols or pictographs had replace tokens!
7. River valley civilization ca.4000-2000 B.C.E
7.1. Egyptian civilization emerged along to the Nike Roger in the northeast. Chinese civilization was born in the northern part of China’s vest central plain.
7.1.1. urban life political institutions, specialization and division of labor. Trade and large scale farming. Wheeled vehicles. Writing and record-keeping. Solar calendar. Chapter 1
8. Mesopotamia “lands between the rivers “ 3500 B.C.E located in Iraq. Visual evidence of the social order and division of labor that prevailed in Mesopotamia around 2700 B.C.E chapter 1
8.1. Myths, Gods and Goddesses they looked upon forces of nature-sun, wind and rain.
8.2. Mesopotamia polytheism (belief in many gods) a view of the origin and structure of the universes.
8.3. Mesopotamia’s ziggurats Asmar, Iraq ca. 29000-2600 B.C.E city state. Servicing as both a shire and a temple. It symbolizes the scared mountain that linked heaven and earth.
8.4. Babylon: Hammurabi’s law code after 2000 B.C.E rulers of the city of Babylon unified the neighboring territories of Sumer to establish the first Babylon’s empire.
9. Gilgamesh: the first epic. Ca.2300 B.C.E
9.1. described as two Gods and one third man. He is blessed by the gods with beauty and courageS the worlds first epic poem.
9.2. He plays important role because he is know for his fight and facing his true morality.
9.3. Gilgamesh was one of the most looked upon because of the way that it teaches the story that many may reflect on ourself when we have someone else treating us the ways.
10. The Vedic era (c. 1500-322 B.C.E)
10.1. Sanskrit the classic language of India and a set of societal divisions known as the caste system.
11. The Americans chapter 1
11.1. Natives cultures in the Americans had their beginning at least 20,000 years ago. Groups migrated from Asia across a lan bridge that on e linked Siberia
11.2. American- parts of present day Mexico and Central America. The earliest populations formed a mosaic of migrants culture.
11.3. Around 1300 B.C.E Meso-American was the site of one of the largest and most advance cultures: the olmec.
12. Civilization
12.1. was formed by Olmec, Maya, Aztec and Inca people the last of which flourished some 3000 years ago.
12.2. People were finally stating to use the form of money. And started to do work that was paid and trade in
13. CHAPTER 2 The Greek legacy ca 1200-30 B.C.E
13.1. The foundations of classicism were laid during the bronzed ages in the maritime civilization they florid in and around the Aegean Sea
13.2. Egypt’s pyramid and Mesopotamia’s ziggurats
14. Aegean civilization (ca. 3000-1200 B.C.E)
14.1. The Bronze Age culture of Mycenae was not know to the world. The maritime civilization
14.1.1. Bull leaping freaks shows booth women and men that letter girlishly somersaulting over the back of the bull (symbol of virility)
14.1.1.1. 1700 B.C.E some 3 centuries before mainland. Greece an earthquake brought devastation to Minoan civilation
15. Mycenaean Civilization (ca.1600-1200 B.C.E)
15.1. By talking to Minoans, the Mycenae and were Militates and agresive people
15.1.1. Cyclopean walls are gradúes by the symbols of royal power: in the triangular arch.
15.1.1.1. Goals death masks were popular and because of them it lead to mis great an argument. Schliemann in 1876 mistakenly identified as belonging into Agamemnon the king who led the ancient Greeks against the city of Troy.
16. The heroic Age (ca.1200-750 B.C.E)
16.1. “In this era Greek speaking people from the north destroyed Mycenaeans and the tales of Trojan war l. The Iliad and the odyssey became the national poems of Ancient Greece.”
16.2. The odyssey (ca.850 B.C.E) two epics that recounts the long adventures packed sea journey undertake by Odysseus
16.2.1. Greek epics dela with the quest for individuals honor and glory.
17. Greek city- states and the Persian war (ca.750-480 B.C.E)
17.1. Hellas and Hellenes are important in this timeline
17.1.1. By the sixth century B.C.E the Persian empire had conquered most of the territories between the western frontier of India and Asia Minor.
17.1.1.1. When in 499 B.C.E the Ionian cities revolves against Persian rule, their Greek neighbors expeditions to punish the rebels cities.
18. Athena and the golden age (ca. 480-430 B.C.E)
18.1. Political domination amongst cities and commercial supremacy
18.2. Spirit of vigorous chauvinism. The spirit in an age of drama. Philosophy, music, art and architecture. Between 480 and 430 B.C.E known as the Greek. Golden age.
18.2.1. Athens between roughly 600 to 500 B.C.E introduced reforms that placed increasing authority in the hands of its citizens.
18.2.2. Democracy derives from a Greek words describing a government in which the people demonstrate hold of powers
19. Olympic Games
19.1. Proud of reference to the regular games. Relaxation games. Festival instituted in 776 B.C.E
19.1.1. Winners received the glands of wild olive or laurel leaves but no finance rewards
20. Greek Philosophy
20.1. Sixth century B.C.E “lover of wisdom”
20.1.1. Objects where more seen as worship instead of nature.
20.1.1.1. Responded to the constance change of the world around them. Begin to question what is everything made of? Air and fire countered each other.
20.1.1.1.1. Heraclitus believe underlying form or guiding force (in Greek, logos) chapter 2
21. CLassic style
21.1. Main points of what a classic style is would be symmetry and realistic and idealism as well
21.2. Greek painting was influenced by the evidence of Greek walls painting. Ca 1000-700 B.C.E the geometric period
21.3. Archaic period ca.700-480 B.C.E figures were painting in black and brown
21.4. Classical period 480-323 B.C.E black figured style with one in which the human body was left with colors of the clay
21.5. Greek sculpture the archaic period ca 700-480 B.C.E they are obsessed with the human body. Makes nudes assumed that it was landmark importance of subject. The quest for sculpture was realism.
22. Greek architecture
22.1. Geek theaters celebrated life here on earth. Greek temples served as shrines fro the gods and depositories
22.2. Good ages Athens’s in the Parthenon (maiden) it is the most Parthenon it’ reached its most refined expression
22.3. The golden ratio that’s what the Parthenon was made out of. Golden ratio is based on humans beauty and ability to be equal
22.4. Between 448 and 432 B.C.E Phidias and the member workshop excused the sculpture that would be appear in the main location pediments triangular spaces, gables the traitors section of the wall and metopes the square panels between then beam ends of roof.
22.4.1. Greek golden age rebels the reconciliation of humanism and realism. 61