1. The Challenge to Social Segregation
1.1. Boycott of city buses in protest of the policy of segregated seating.
1.1.1. Instigated by Rosa Parks.
1.1.2. The boycott lasted 381 days.
1.2. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1.2.1. Atlanta
1.2.2. Presided over by a local black minister, Martin Luther King.
1.3. Sit-ins
1.3.1. Four students from the all- black North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College initiated sit-ins at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro.
1.3.2. N.C. Students from other southern black colleges and universities followed with similar sit-ins
1.4. Birmingham
1.4.1. Eugene "Bull" Connor.
1.4.2. "The most thoroughly segregated city in the United States."
1.4.3. Police dogs and fire hoses against protesters
1.5. Martin Luther King
1.5.1. Arrived in the spring of 1963 and with Shuttlesworth led nonviolent demonstrations.
1.6. President Lyndon Johnson
1.6.1. Civil Rights Act of 1964.
2. Voting Rights
2.1. 1960s
2.1.1. Most eligible black voters in the South remained disfranchised.
2.1.2. African Americans initiated local efforts to exercise the right to vote.
2.2. 1964
2.2.1. Summer Project
2.3. COFO
2.3.1. Launched a massive and largely unsuccessful voter-registration drive.
2.3.2. White resistance was widespread and included several killings.
2.4. Selma demonstrations
2.4.1. King led an 87-km (54-mi) march from Selma to Montgomery.
2.4.2. Three activists lost their lives during the Selma demonstrations
2.5. 1965
2.5.1. President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act.
3. What was?
3.1. A mass popular movement to secure for African Americans equal access to and opportunities for the basic privileges and rights of U.S. citizenship.
4. When happened?
4.1. 1950s and 1960s.
5. Where happened?
5.1. United States. American South.
6. The Brown Decision
6.1. This landmark decision outlawed racial segregation in public schools.
6.2. Whites around the country condemned the decision.
6.2.1. In the South, white supremacist groups organized to resist desegregation, sometimes resorting to violence.
6.3. The local school board admitted nine black students to the city's previously all-white Central High School.
6.3.1. White protests escalated into violence.
6.4. President Dwight D. Eisenhower dispatched federal troops to protect the black students.
7. What actions did it take?
7.1. They pursued their goals through legal means.
7.1.1. Negotiations
7.1.2. Petition
7.1.3. Nonviolent protest demonstrations