1. MCROBIO 233: General Microbiology Olive-Harvey College (Spring 2022) Week 13 Session 1
2. @ChicagoProf
3. Nutritional Requirements
3.1. Source of Carbon
3.1.1. Inorganic (carbon dioxide)
3.1.1.1. "autotroph"
3.1.1.1.1. "self-feeder"
3.1.2. Organic (molecule containing both C and H)
3.1.2.1. "heterotroph"
3.1.2.1.1. "outside source - feeder"
3.2. Source of Energy
3.2.1. Physical (Light)
3.2.1.1. "phototroph"
3.2.2. Chemical
3.2.2.1. Organic = "chemotroph"
3.2.2.2. Inorganic = "lithotroph"
3.3. Elements (Requirements Vary Per Type of Organism)
3.3.1. CHONPS
3.3.2. Elemental salts that become ions in water (ex. Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, and Mo, etc.)
3.4. Growth Factors
4. Environmental Requirements
4.1. Gases
4.1.1. Obligate Aerobe
4.1.1.1. oxygen required
4.1.1.1.1. rely upon aerobic cellular respiration to produce ATP
4.1.2. Microaerophile
4.1.2.1. "loving" smaller amounts of oxygen
4.1.2.1.1. rely upon aerobic cellular respiration to produce ATP
4.1.3. Obligate Anaerobe
4.1.3.1. without oxygen required (killed by oxygen)
4.1.3.1.1. anaerobic cellular respiration to produce ATP
4.1.3.1.2. fermentation to produce ATP
4.1.4. Facultative (Aerobe or Anaerobe)
4.1.4.1. with or without oxygen, thrives with oxygen
4.1.4.1.1. thrives with aerobic cellular respiration to produce ATP
4.1.4.1.2. anaerobic cellular respiration to produce ATP
4.1.4.1.3. fermentation to produce ATP
4.1.5. Aerotolerant (Anaerobe)
4.1.5.1. tolerates oxygen, does not thrive with oxygen
4.1.5.1.1. anaerobic cellular respiration to produce ATP
4.1.5.1.2. fermentation to produce ATP
4.1.6. Capnophile
4.1.6.1. "loving" higher amounts of carbon dioxide
4.2. Temperature
4.2.1. Psychrophile
4.2.1.1. "loving" very cold temperatures
4.2.2. Psychrotroph
4.2.2.1. thrives in cooler temperatures
4.2.3. Mesophile
4.2.3.1. "loving" moderate temperatures
4.2.3.1.1. human microbiota and infectious agents
4.2.4. Thermophile
4.2.4.1. "loving" higher temperatures
4.2.5. Hyperthermophile
4.2.5.1. "loving" very high temperatures
4.3. pH
4.3.1. Acidophiles
4.3.2. Neutrophiles
4.3.2.1. human microbiota and infectious agents
4.3.3. Alkaliphiles (Alkalinophiles)
4.4. Osmotic Balance / Water Availability / Solute Concentration
4.4.1. NaCl
4.4.1.1. Requires NaCl
4.4.1.1.1. Halophile
4.4.1.2. Tolerates NaCl
4.4.1.2.1. Halotolerant
4.4.2. Sugar
4.4.2.1. Requires sugar
4.4.2.1.1. every cell
4.4.2.2. Tolerates High Amounts
4.4.2.2.1. "Osmophile" or "Osmotolerant"
5. graph of microbial growth vs. pH
5.1. vertical axis
5.1.1. dependent variable
5.1.1.1. microbial growth
5.2. horizontal axis
5.2.1. independent variable
5.2.1.1. pH
5.2.2. scale
5.2.2.1. 1-14
5.2.2.1.1. 7 is neutral
5.3. linear???
5.3.1. is growth increasing as pH increases???
5.3.1.1. positive slope
5.3.1.1.1. positive correlation
5.3.2. is growth decreasing as pH increases???
5.3.2.1. negative slope
5.3.2.1.1. negative correlation