1. Royal Abbey of St Denis, Paris (Suger's Rebuilding: 1135 - 1144)
1.1. Ambulatory 1137 - 1140
1.2. First Gothic building
1.2.1. Ribbed vaulting means that the new structure forms new, innovate shapes which were previously impossible.
1.3. Abbot Suger
1.4. St. Denis --> Pseudo Dionysius
1.4.1. Christian Neo-Platonism
1.4.1.1. Matter = Bad
1.4.1.2. Pure Form = Good
1.4.2. St John's Gospel: God is light
1.4.2.1. Choir: Huge stained glass windows
1.5. 'Heavenly Jerusalem'
1.6. Jesse Window
1.6.1. Part of the new front and choir.
1.6.2. Mystical significance of light.
1.6.2.1. Adding a more holy light
1.6.2.2. Huge contrast to Romanesque churches
1.7. Symbols
1.7.1. Peter and Paul are the pillars of the church
1.7.2. 12 inner columns of the chevet: with disciples/apostles
1.7.3. Outer columns =minor prophets
1.7.4. Rose Window
1.7.5. Trinity of doors
2. Chatres Cathedral, 1194 - 1220
2.1. Neoplatonist
2.2. Medieval interest in geometry and proportion
2.3. First of the great High Gothic cathedrals
2.4. Triple portal
2.5. Nave elevation
2.6. Original stained glass
3. Light
3.1. St Augustine
3.1.1. Matter = bad
3.1.2. Ideal form = good
3.1.3. God is beyond our imagination
3.1.4. God = light
4. Sens Cathedral, begun 1140s
4.1. Continuous shaft with alternate rhythms
5. Notre Dame de Paris, 1163 - 1250
5.1. Trying to maximize the light
5.2. Random section in the East = different
6. Florence Cathedral, begun 1296
6.1. Few windows
7. Milan Cathedral, 1380s
7.1. Most gothic of Italian churches
7.2. Had French and German masons
8. St Annen, Annaberg, Germanny, begun 1499
8.1. Very light
8.2. No flying buttresses
8.3. Complex vaulting
9. Inglostadt, Liebfrauenmunder, from 1425
9.1. Tablet shaped
9.2. Nothing stops the vaults
9.3. Exposed vaults in the side chapels
10. Benedikt Reid/Rejt 1450 - 1531, Prague Castle
10.1. Vladislaw Hall 1493 - 1502
11. Gothic Art, by Michael Camille
11.1. Gothic as 'a new vision of space'
11.2. Cathedral architecgture is showing how the church could control and manpulate space on earth
11.3. Gothic as a break with tradition: originally called 'opus francigenum' (French Style/New Style'
11.4. Intricate exteriors to entice people to enter: 'advertisments in stone'
11.5. Focus was usually the West Front
11.6. Like the Heavenly Jerusalem described in teh vision of the Apoocalypse in Revelation 21
11.6.1. 'walls great and high'
11.6.2. 'pure gold, like unto glass' --> Camille: 'crystaline appearance'
11.7. Huge contrast to small, dark homes of most people: showing the church's power and wealth, awed them.
11.7.1. Not everyone liked them. Peter the Chanter (d. 1117), canon at Notre Dame de Paris critized this excess as being like the Tower of Babel.
11.8. England: Cathedrals more isolated from civilization e.g. Salisbury
11.8.1. More urban in France and Germany
11.9. Wells Cathdral, 1230 - 1250
11.9.1. Unlike French Gothic
11.9.2. Focus on depth of portals
11.9.3. On screen-like canopies with 257 statues
11.10. 'Gothic architecture has to be seen as part of this ever-changing spatial performance of the liturgy'
11.11. Cult of the Virgin = one of the greatest incentives in cathedral building
11.12. Rheims Cathedral
11.12.1. sculptural elements of the East end show that this is the most sacred and important part of the church
11.13. 13th Century Gothic we see huge buildings
11.13.1. St. Urbain, Troyes, begun 1260
11.13.1.1. small cathedral
11.13.1.2. exterior is composed so that all the elements seem deatched
11.13.1.3. Camille: shows imagination, 'capacity to build castles in the air'
11.13.1.4. so light: no glass in certain parts of the tracery; just air
11.13.1.5. Rayonnant Gothic 1260 - 1300
11.14. Gothic architecture was planned as they went along, on site
11.15. Sculptures were very often endorsed in a canopy (3D version of the pointed arch)
11.15.1. Connatations of security
11.15.2. The frame was the locus: 'allowed the viewers to position themselves in relation to the representation within' Figure is elevated to a divine level.
11.15.3. Only gargoyles were ever without canopies: their exterior isolation, draine pipes: an 'ungodly ejection from the church'.
11.15.4. Canopies, alongisde crocketed finials and sharply pointed pinnacles were the image of Holy Jerusalem.
11.16. 'Gothic was the creation of a complete space, a total enviornment'.
11.17. Suger: "Some strange region of the universe which neither exists entirely in the slime of the earth non entirely in th epurity of heaven."
11.18. Light was very important: removal of gallery + flying buttresses = larger clerestory windows
11.18.1. Chartres is very gloomy; filtered, jewel-colored light - 'a vision of that other would "garnished with all manner of precious stones"' (Revelation 21)
11.18.2. Rose windows = Virgin Mary
11.19. Latin: many words for light
11.19.1. lumen = light multiplied spacially
11.19.2. lux = light from luminous bodies
11.19.3. splendour = reflected light
11.19.4. lux nova = Suger's choir windows
11.20. Gothic art = metaphysics of light
11.20.1. Pseudo-Dionysius - 5th Century
11.20.1.1. revival during the 12th Century
11.20.1.2. Suger was eager to link with St Denis
11.20.1.3. Christian mystic: God = an "incomprehensible and inaccessible light"
11.20.2. Light quality changed over the years
11.20.2.1. Chartres is very dark and mysterious
11.20.2.2. "This latter glass makes the walls of the church seem not so much garnished with a mosaic of precious stones as disappearing altogether in diaphanous radiance."
11.20.2.3. 13th Century allowed for more light to enter
11.20.2.4. People becoming more partial to materials such as crystals and diamonds, meanwhile, perspective philosophers were looking at refraction of light through the eye
11.20.3. 1300 - silver staining in stained glass develops
11.20.3.1. white = important
11.20.4. Giotto: instead of transporting viewers to a heavenly realm, he's bringing them down to earth
11.20.4.1. Fresco: Italian's main way of defining space - Arena Chapel = coherent, painted narrative
11.20.5. Canterbury Cathedral
11.20.5.1. Pilgrims would literally move down from the dark of the crypts in to the light of the Trinity chapel (1220) where the relics of Thomas Beckett were displayed: v. bright with stained glass windows, each one representing his miracles.'
11.20.5.1.1. 'New spatial experience'
11.20.6. Louis IX: Sainte-Chapelle
11.20.6.1. Essentially a huge reliquarium
11.20.6.2. So much light through windows reflecting off of gilded statues
11.20.6.3. 'chromatic brilliance of Gothic' lost from most buildings due to austerity of later century's tastes
11.20.6.4. Like being ain a huge gemstone
12. English Gothic
12.1. No 'British Gothic'
12.2. Roche Abbey, South Yorkshire 1247
12.2.1. Transitional Style
12.2.1.1. Pointed arches/windows (Gothic)
12.2.1.2. Round arches/windows (Romanesque)
12.3. Cantebury Cathedral, 1175 - 1185
12.3.1. By William of Sens
12.3.2. Choir very similar to that of Sens Cathedral
12.4. Westminster Abbey, begun 1245
12.4.1. Mostly built 1245 - 1272
12.4.2. The most French of English cathedrals
12.4.3. Nave
12.4.4. Chapter House, c. 1246
12.4.4.1. Lots of glass, minimum masonry
12.5. Salisbury Cathedral, 1220 - 1258
12.5.1. Early English/ 'First Pointed'
12.5.2. Cloister
12.5.3. Specific chapel for the Virgin
12.5.4. Purbeck marble (polished limestone)
12.5.5. Simple lancet windows
12.5.6. Quadpartite vaulting
12.6. Lincoln Cathedral, early 13th Century
12.6.1. Tieceron vaulting
12.6.2. Two sets of transepts
12.6.3. Extra chapel
12.6.4. Small cloisters
12.6.5. High Gothic
12.6.6. First Phase of English Decorated: Geometric
12.6.6.1. Geometrical Tracery
12.7. Elgin Cathedral, 13th Century
12.7.1. Borrowed Lincoln's order of surface
12.7.2. Only cathedral with two towers
12.8. More complex arch sections than the French
12.9. More complex plans than the French
12.9.1. Plan of Notre Dame de Paris
12.9.2. Plan of Lincoln church
12.10. Ely Cathedral c. 1320 - 1350
12.10.1. Second phase of English Decorative Gothic: Curvolinear
12.10.2. Very complex
12.10.3. Every statue is headless thanks to the Reformation
12.11. Gloucester Cathedral 1340 - 1350
12.11.1. Final stage of English Decorative: Perpendicular
12.11.2. Rising verticles
12.11.3. Lierne vaulting
12.11.3.1. Developed into fan vaulting in other parts of the cathedral, like at King's College, Cambridge, 1516
12.12. Henry VII chapel, Westminster Abbey, 1503 - 1509
13. High Middle Ages architecure
13.1. France 12th to early 16th Century
13.1.1. As it goes on, it becomes more flamboyant and loses some of it's coherence and logical structure.
13.1.2. French Gothic is very streamlined
13.1.3. French Gothic is very streamlined
13.2. Name = derogatory
13.3. Pointed arch
13.4. Flying buttreses
13.4.1. Uniformed vaulting of any plan shape
13.4.2. Increased height
13.4.3. Elimination of non-load bearing walls
13.5. Rib vaulting
13.6. Spanish and Portuguese Gothic: Very intricate and decorative.
13.6.1. Need for smaller windows
13.7. Italian Gothic = simpler (with the exception of Milan)
13.7.1. Need for smaller windows
13.8. Germany and Central Europe: Very inventive, though self-conscious late Gothic.
13.9. Three Stages
13.9.1. Early Gothic: 1140 - 1200
13.9.2. High Gothic: 1200 - 1260
13.9.3. Rayonnant: 1260 - 1300
14. Bourges Cathedral, 1190 - 1275
14.1. Incredibly streamlined
14.2. Very high arcade
14.3. 144 ft high
15. Amiens Cathedral, 1270
15.1. Nave
16. Beauvais Cathedral, begun 1225
17. La Sainte-Chapelle, 1243 - 1248
17.1. Rayonnant style
17.2. Very tall
17.3. Small interior
17.4. Huge reliquarium
17.5. Very little masonry
17.6. Lots of glass
17.7. Peak of Gothic achieved
18. Vendôme, La Trinité, 1350
18.1. Flamboyant Gothic
18.2. Very decorative masonry
18.3. Flamme
19. Abbeville, St. Gilles
20. Batalha, Portugal, 1386 - 1517
20.1. Very ornamented
20.2. Encrusted
20.3. Complex
20.4. Small windows
21. Burgos Cathedral, begun 1221
22. Majorca, Palma Cathedral, begun 1229
22.1. Built on the site of a Mosque
22.2. Soaring to heaven
22.3. Geometric patterns on rose window
23. Gothic in Scotland
23.1. Holyrood Abbey, 1128
23.1.1. New religious orders from France
23.1.2. Augustinian
23.2. St Micheal's, Linlithgow
23.2.1. French flamboyant design in the South Transept
23.3. Glasgow Cathedral (early 13th Century)
23.3.1. Lower story for tomb
23.3.2. Simple lancet windows
23.3.3. Wooden vaults
23.4. Melrose Abbey, post 1385
23.4.1. Paid by Richard II as an apology for sacking
23.4.2. By John Morow
23.4.2.1. Closer to French flamboyant work
23.4.2.2. Worked everywhere in Scotland
23.4.2.3. Scotland fought for France in wars