Representing Numbers

1. Concrete Models

1.1. Small Discrete Objects

1.1.1. Acorns

1.1.2. Small pinecones

1.1.3. Ceramic tiles

1.1.4. Buttons

2. Pictorial and Graphic Representation of Numbers

2.1. Draw Pairs or Sets of Items

2.1.1. Graph paper

2.1.2. Sketch base-ten blocks

2.1.3. Rubber stamps

2.1.4. Drawing dots, lines, squares

3. Symbolic Representation of Numbers

3.1. Encourage students to talk about their number work.

4. Numerals

4.1. Students Should Develop Their Own Ways of Forming Numerals.

4.1.1. Have poster for acceptable numerals

4.1.2. Practice writing numbers

4.1.2.1. Fingers

4.1.2.2. Air

4.1.2.3. Sand

4.1.2.4. Shaving Cream

5. Work with Number Symbols can be Delayed.

6. Introduce Activities in One of Four Ways:

6.1. Concretely

6.2. Pictorially

6.3. Symbolically

6.4. orally

6.5. Then have students respond in a different way

7. Ways to Match Numerals with Words and Quantities

7.1. Ordering Numerals

7.2. Matching Sets with Numerals

7.3. Matching numerals, number names, and picture cards

7.4. Writing numbers to match sets

8. Should not get too focused on writing numerals because students can use number cards or words.