5 Hypotheses of the Krashen’s Theory

1. The Input hypothesis

1.1. How the learner acquires a second language

1.1.1. Input hypothesis is only concerned with 'acquisition'

1.2. The learner improves and progresses along the 'natural order'

1.3. When he/she receives inpu is one step beyond his/her current stage of linguistic competencet (i + 1)

2. The Affective Filter hypothesis

2.1. Affective variables

2.1.1. Motivation, self-confidence, anxiety and personality traits

3. The Natural Order hypothesis

3.1. Acquisition of grammatical structures follows a 'natural order' which is predictable

3.1.1. Some grammatical structures tend to be acquired early while others late

4. The Role of Grammar in Krashen's View

4.1. When the students are interested in the subject is easier to learn grammar

4.2. Teacher should be skillful to explain so the students understand

4.3. With the students' participation, the classroom becomes an environment suitable for acquisition

5. The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis

5.1. The acquired system

5.1.1. Subconscious process

5.1.2. Natural communication

5.1.3. Speakers are concentrated in the communicative act

5.2. According to Krashen 'learning' is less important than 'acquisition'

5.3. The learned system

5.3.1. Formal instruction

5.3.2. Conscious process

5.3.3. Knowledge of grammar rules

6. The Monitor hypothesis

6.1. Explains the relationship between acquisition and learning

6.2. The acquisition system is the utterance initiator

6.3. The learning system does the role of the 'monitor'.

6.3.1. • The second language learner has sufficient time at their disposal. • They focus on form or think about correctness. • They know the rule.

6.4. Extroverts are under-users

6.5. Introverts and perfectionists are over-users

6.6. Lack of self-confidence is frequently related to the over-use of the"monitor"