1. Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
1.1. Bond Polarity
1.1.1. Polar
1.1.1.1. Bonding electrons shared unevenly between two atoms
1.1.1.2. Partial charges on atoms
1.1.2. Nonpolar
1.1.2.1. Bonding electrons shared equally between two atoms
1.1.2.2. No charges on atoms
1.2. Electronegativity
1.2.1. Ability to attract electrons to itself
1.2.2. Pauling Scale
1.2.2.1. Assign vaulues to all elements of electronegativity
2. Bond Strength and Multiple Bonds
2.1. Bond Strength
2.1.1. How strong atoms are held together
2.1.1.1. Exothermic Reaction
2.1.1.1.1. Negative
2.1.1.1.2. Produces Heat
2.1.1.2. Endothermic Reaction
2.1.1.2.1. Positive
2.1.1.2.2. Absorbs heat
2.2. Multiple Bonds
2.2.1. Bond located along the axis of two atoms
2.2.1.1. Oxygen
2.2.1.2. Carbon Dioxide
2.2.1.3. Nitrogen
2.2.2. Resonance occurs
3. Hybrid Orbitals and Molecular Orbitals
3.1. Hybrid Orbitals
3.1.1. Combination of multiple orbitals
3.1.1.1. Methane
3.1.1.2. Boron trifluoride
3.1.1.3. beryllium hydride
3.2. Molecular Orbitals
3.2.1. Spatial distribution of electrons in molecules
4. Molecular Shapes and VSEPR Model
4.1. Predicts the structure of molectules
4.2. Electrons are placed as far apart as possible
4.2.1. Trigonal planar
4.2.1.1. BCl3
4.2.2. Linear
4.2.2.1. CO2
4.2.3. Tetrahedral
4.2.3.1. CH4
4.2.4. Trigonal bipyramidal
4.2.4.1. NH3
4.2.5. Octahedral
4.2.5.1. SF6
5. Chemical Bonds
5.1. Metallic Bonds
5.1.1. Conductivity
5.1.2. Ductility
5.1.3. Heat Capacity
5.1.4. Luster
6. Ionic and Covalent Bonding
6.1. Ionic Bonds
6.1.1. Oppositely Charged particles attract
6.1.1.1. NaCl
6.1.1.2. MgO
6.1.1.3. CaCl2
6.2. Covalent Bonds
6.2.1. Atoms share pairs of valence electrons
6.2.1.1. H2O
6.2.1.2. CO2
7. Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule
7.1. Octet Rule
7.1.1. Atoms prefer to have 8 electrons
7.1.1.1. Nobel Gases
7.1.1.1.1. Helium
7.1.1.1.2. Radon
7.1.1.1.3. Xenon
7.1.1.1.4. Krypton
7.1.1.1.5. Argon
7.1.1.1.6. Neon
7.2. Lewis Symbols
7.2.1. Display electrons in outermost energy levels
8. Lewis Structures and Resonance Structures
8.1. Lewis structures
8.1.1. Representation of valence shell electrons
8.2. Resonance Structures
8.2.1. Full electronic structure of molecules