PRONOUNS

1. Interrogative and Relative Pronouns

1.1. Interrogative Pronouns: An interrogative pronoun is used to form questions. - Rules: Use who in a question when you would answer it with I, he, she, we, or they. Use whom when you would answer the question with me, him, her, us, or them. In other words, use who in a question if you would answer it with a subject pronoun, and use whom in a question if you would answer it with an object pronoun. - Example: WHO is at the doctor?

1.2. Relative Pronouns: A relative pronoun is used to begin a special subject-verb word group called a subordinate clause.

1.3. Rules: When referring to a person use Who, Whom, Whose, Whoever, and Whomever. When referring to a thing, place, or idea use Which, That, What, Whatever, and Whichever. - Examples: The driver WHO arrived last parked over there.

2. Inndefinite Pronouns

2.1. An indefinite pronoun refers to persons, places, things, or ideas in a more general way than a noun does.

2.2. Rules: indefinite pronouns that end in -one is always singular. These words include anyone, everyone, someone, and one. Indefinite pronouns that end in -body are always singular. The indefinite pronouns both, few, many, others, and several are always plural.

2.3. Example: EVERYBODY needs food.

3. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

3.1. Reflexive Pronouns: A reflexive pronoun refers, or reflects back, to the subject of the sentence, indicating that the same person or thing is involved. A reflexive pronoun always adds information to a sentence.

3.2. Rules: Reflexive pronouns—myself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, ourselves, yourself, yourselves—should be used only when they refer back to another word in the sentence. (A reflexive pronoun reflects the action described by the verb.)

3.2.1. - Example: Jim uses a stopwatch to time HIMSELF on the track.

3.3. Intensive Pronouns: An intensive pronoun adds emphasis to another noun or pronoun in the same sentence.

3.4. Rules: Intensive pronouns are used to add emphasis to the subject or antecedent of the sentence. You'll usually find the intensive pronoun right after the noun or pronoun it's modifying, but not necessarily. The intensive/reflexive pronouns include myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

3.4.1. - Example: He HIMSELF delivered the flowers.

4. Personal and Possessive Pronouns

4.1. Personal Pronouns: A personal pronoun refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea by indicating the person speaking (the first person), the person or people being spoken to (the second person), or any othr person, place, thing, or idea being discussed (the third person).

4.2. Rules: When discussing “person” in terms of the grammatical, the following rules apply: First-person, as in “I”; Second person, as in “you”; Third-person, as in “It, he, she”.

4.3. Example: Sam will copy the document for YOU.

4.4. Possessive Pronouns: A possessive pronoun takes the place of the possessive form of a noun.

4.5. Rules: The possessive pronouns are my, our, your, his, her, its, and their. There's also an “independent” form of each of these pronouns: mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, and theirs. Possessive pronouns are never spelled with apostrophes. Possessive pronouns simplify constructions that show possession of a noun. - Example: The pup is chasing ITS tail.

5. Demonstrative Pronouns

5.1. A demonstrative pronoun points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas.

5.1.1. - Rules: This" and "that" are singular (one). "These" and "those" are plural (more than one). Use "this" and "these" to talk about things that are near in space or in time. Use "that" and "those" to talk about things that are farther away in space or time

5.1.2. - Example: THESE are the shrubs to be trimmed.